Coxarthrosis - degenerative disease, which leads to the destruction of the hip joint and chronic course. It is more common in older age groups. More common in women than men.
Onset gradual and slowly evolving. Can affect a community, or both. The most common type is osteoarthritis.
Why is there disease?
Osteoarthritis in some patients is accompanied by the natural aging process is the degeneration of the tissues of the hip joint. The appearance of influence factors:
- decrease in tissue nutrition;
- congenital abnormality of the hip joint, in particular, dysplasia;
- pelvic trauma;
- post-infectious hip;
- aseptic necrosis of the head of the hip joint;
- Perthes disease (osteochondropathy).
Unfortunately, to determine the cause of the disease is not always possible pathology of the hip joint, the so-called idiopathic coxarthrosis - it is so, the cause of which has not yet been established. This is the incentive for continued study of the problem. Scientific work in this area, and the doctors came to the conclusion, that the greater the risk of osteoporosis can be observed in the following cases:
- Hereditary predisposition to the pathology. The patients whose parents suffered from diseases, cartilage, bone, in most cases, you also have a such problems;
- Overweight. Significant weight the load on the joints that regularly exposed to mechanical work;
- Metabolic diseases, diabetes. This leads to poor oxygen and nutrients in joint tissue and cause them to lose their properties.
Know the main risk factors for the disease, as well as plan preventive measures to prevent it.
How to recognize the pathology of the hip joint?
Symptoms of osteoarthritis depends on the anatomical characteristics of the musculoskeletal system caused by the pathological stage of the process. Consider the main clinical symptoms:
- joint pains;
- irradiation of pain in the knee, thigh, groin;
- rigidity of movement;
- the limited mobility;
- violation of walk, lame;
- the reduction in the mass of the thigh muscles;
- shortening of the affected limb.
The clinical picture corresponds to the internal changes in the tissues of the joint. The symptoms gradually increased, and in the early stages the patient does not pay them enough attention. It is dangerous, because at the beginning of the treatment process brings a greater effect.
The clinical and the radiological degree of osteoarthritis
The below listed symptoms of each degree.
- 1 degree. The patients with intermittent pain or discomfort. Unpleasant disturbance after exercise, a long position in a static pose. Pain localized in the area of the joint, and then give the rest after. At this stage, the process is not impaired gait not shorten the leg. The changes seen on x - ray joint space narrowing, there are joints (bony lumps).
- 2 the degree. Increase the intensity of the pain, it can occur during rest, radiates to nearby areas of the body. It seems limp after the man walked, or wave. Limited range of motion of the joint. In parallel, changes in the x-ray images: forced head of the thigh bone, joint woman of the inner and outer edge of the acetabulum.
- 3. section. The pain is steady, it seems, day or night. Worse walking is displayed in a permanent limp. Drastically reduced motor function, atrophy of the leg muscles. changing the muscle tissue causes leg slightly pulled up to be shorter. This leads to the deformation, posture, curvature of the body. The x-rays at this stage of the process: the overall narrowing of the difference between the surfaces of the joint, deformity of the femoral head, significant increase of synovial.
Diagnostic program if the disease
The main method of diagnosis - x-ray. It can be used to determine the presence of the disease or the stage. The x-ray analysis of the structure, the common theme in narrowing of the joint space, joint, fracture of the head of the hip bone.
If there is a need to study the condition of soft tissue MR imaging is performed. This allows to study in detail the condition of the cartilage areas of the joint, or the muscles of the hip region.
Modern methods and ways of treatment of coxarthrosis of the hip joint
Treatment of Osteoarthritis can be conservative or surgical. Treatment of Osteoarthritis aims to the following objectives:
- to reduce the pain symptoms;
- restoration of motor activity;
- rehabilitation, rehabilitation;
- the prevent complications;
- quality of life improvement of the patient.
The treatment is the modification of risk factors. That's what the doctor recommends, the following operations:
- normalization of body weight;
- avoiding harmful habits;
- nutrition;
- normalization of the physical activity;
- balanced drink system;
- the healthy sleep.
Conservative treatment: the drug, or no drug. Pharmacological treatment includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics, chondroprotectors. Reduce the inflammation, the tissue, eliminates swelling, pain, restore range of motion, and improve the condition of cartilage.
The non-pharmacological treatment includes, among other things, the massage, the affected area. It stimulates the muscles that oppose the degeneration and prevention of shortening of the limb. Full, professional massage stimulates the blood flow to the area of the joint, this in turn leads to the normalization of the metabolism of the tissues. Please note that massage is not always helpful, if coxarthrosis - the carried out only between exacerbation, as well as certain stages of the process. Order the doctor may recommend that you the massage techniques, the a lot of treatment and the duration of the course.
Mandatory conditions of treatment, physiotherapy. The prevention of contractures, as well as the progression of the disease. Exercises should be done daily, only then you will be effect. The exercises are chosen on an individual basis, as well as prescribed by your doctor. The exercises improve overall health, reduce the risk of emotional disorders, strengthens the powers of the body.
Physical therapy is another method that is valid in coxarthrosis. May be, mud, medical baths, showers, magneto therapy. Used electro - and phonophoresis of medicinal substances.
If these methods of treatment has not taken effect or been applied too late - surgical treatment is necessary.
The surgery, the coxarthrosis
Surgical treatment is used, the ineffectiveness of conservative methods. This is especially true for the late diagnosis. Modern operational techniques and high-quality equipment allows to restore the structure and function of the community to restore the human range of motion to a normal quality of life. The most effective method of surgical treatment with arthroplasty.
The indications for surgery are:
- coxarthrosis 2-3 degrees;
- the lack of effect of treatment;
- full restriction the motion of the walk.
Contraindications, which does not allow to perform the operation:
- decompensated renal, heart, liver;
- mental illness;
- the acute phase of the inflammatory process in the body.
For this purpose, the preoperative diagnosis. However, if it is possible to adjust the condition of the patient up after the surgery, to the intervention.
During the operation, removing the affected tissue and the prosthesis. There are different models of implants. Different methods of fastening the bone – cement, cement-free, the material from which the endoprosthesis. The features of the prosthesis, as well as the complicated surgical procedures can I get information on the consultation of the doctor.
The healing period after surgical treatment
The first day after surgery, rehabilitation is carried out under a doctor's supervision. First, you need to perform the passive movements, then the load is gradually increased. Walk the first time, that only allowed the crutches, made it possible to place squat.
Of course, the first time after the surgery, there are limitations to the load. Don't be afraid, because without this operation these limits would be preserved to the end of life. Reduced physical activity after surgical treatment, it is necessary to strengthen the position of the prosthesis, restoration of the integrity of the bones, healing wounds. 2 months should be excluded from sports activities, exercise, community, a long walk and a little exercise. After complete recovery, the person returns to normal life, sports illustrated, outdoor activities.
The life expectancy of the prosthesis: the company's majority indicates that a survival rate of 90% of the observation periods up to 15 years.