Arthritis: Causes, symptoms, stage of arthritis.New arthritis treatment

Arthritis .

It should be noted that Arthrosis is a group of joint diseases of different origin and strict development mechanism.Most commonly have joint disease of large joints:

  • Gonarthrosis (gonarthrosis),
  • Coksartrosis's joint deformation (Coksartrosis),
  • As well as arthrosis of the shoulder joint.

These are the most serious arthritis.

Arthrosis of small joints is less common.Typically, there is the deformation of the joint joints of the hand, as well as the metacarpophalangeal joints of the thumb.The patient noted the pain in the joints, reduced their ability to move, the appearance near the joints of the seals (the note of Geberden and Bushar).This type of muscle disease is more common in old age.Often occurs the joints of the joints of the foot.

Polyrthrosis, or general muscle disease, characterized by damage to some joints at the same time.

Arthritis The joints of the spine - spine - belonging to the group of diseases of the spine, although it has a similar development mechanism with other arthritis.

The main clinical symptom of arthritis is joint pain, reducing its ability to exercise.Specific symptoms are determined by arthritis stage and depends on the degree of change in the joints.

Causes of arthritis

Arthritis That is the practice to divide into main and secondary.Nguyen Phat arthritis (idiopathic) is a result of violating the process of recovery and increased degeneration in the cartilage tissue of joints without any deviations in the work of the entire organism.Secondary arthritis occurs is the result of other pathological processes in the body, or in the joints damaged by any external impact, with a part of part of the joint surface.

Typically, traumatic arthritis is diagnosed in young patients.And in older patients, it is not always possible to draw a clear border between primary and secondary arthritis.

Although the exact cause of arthritis cannot be determined, factors contribute to the appearance and development.

The following types of causes contribute to the development of primary and secondary arthritis can be distinguished.

The cause of Tien Phat arthritis is genetic factors

The following genetic disorders have been determined, may cause the development of Nguyen Phat arthritis:

  • Genetic disorders in the composition of the cartilage tissue of joints, leading to its acceleration destruction;
  • The congenital defect of the musculoskeletal system (Hypermobile of joints, dysplasia, flat feet and others), is the cause of injury of some parts of the cartilage tissue of the joint, and as a result, the appearance of Arthrosis.

It has also been noted that the joint deformation of the Inter -phalanx joints of the above genera is found mainly in women and is inherited by women.

Causes of secondary arthritis

Secondary arthritis is a consequence of joint damage.These damage can be caused by different factors.

  1. Mechanical damage to joints.The group of these factors includes various joint injuries, organs fractures, as a result of disturbed joint structure.The same result is caused by the continuous microtraumat process of joints due to unchanged load, both static and dynamic (for example, in athletes).In addition, obesity leads to overload and injury.

    Another factor that has a negative impact on joints (mainly on the hip) is an incorrect posture.

    The structure of joints can also break surgical intervention.

  2. Joint disease.Arthritis may be the result of arthritis (acute and chronic arthritis, epidemic inflammation, original sterile necrosis of bone tissue, etc.)

  3. Violating metabolism, diseases of endocrine systems, mineral deficiency in the body.Different disorders of metabolism, calcium deficiency, phosphorus and other minerals, vitamins and micronutrients cause changes in the composition of bones and cartilage, epidemic fluid, leading to violation of the process of recovery and gradually destroying components.

  4. Autoimmune disease(Gout, chondrocalcinosis, hemochromatosis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis), hormonal disorders, deficiency estrogen After birth, women lead to changes in joint tissues and their gradual destruction.

  5. Vascular disease (atherosclerosis of the vessels of the lower limbs, endocarditis, veins), as well as Lower They cause circulatory disorders in perpendicular tissues, providing poor blood for joint tissues and thus changing nourishment.

Mechanism of development of arthritis

Arthrosis on X -Ray

Develop arthritis It starts with the destruction of cartilage.It is believed that at first there was a violation of blood circulation in the capillaries of the corneal layer of the pericardium.Due to the nutrition of cartilage occurs due to the amount of nutrients from the internal liquid and adjacent bone tissue, the circulatory interrupt leads to the fact that the cartilage gradually loses elasticity, becomes thinner, the cracks appear on it, the smoothness of the surface.As a result, it appears Painful and brittle during motion.The width of the joint distance decreases, the bones are formed along the sides of the joint surfaces Osteophyta gai.

Finally, the joint is deformed, the amplitude of the movements in it decreases.Therefore, the development of arthritis is related to the aging of the body.The development of this form of joints often occurs gradually, over the years.

Other forms of joint disease of large joints, for example, after infection, metabolism, metabolism, and poisoning have a number of other development mechanisms, but the result is that we receive similar changes in the joints.

Symptoms of arthrosis of joints.Stage and level of arthritis

"Classic" is the classification of muscle disease on the basis of clinical characteristics and X -rays.According to it, three stages of development of the disease are distinguished.It corresponds to the classification by the level of maintenance of defects, which distinguishes 3 degrees of joint pain:

  • I level of arthritis - the disease does not stop the work, even though it complicates it,
  • The degree of arthritis - the disease prevents the performance of the job,
  • Level III of muscle disease - loss of working capacity.

Let's consider more details of clinical symptoms and signs of arthritis at each stage

Acute arthritis 1 (initial stage of Arthrosis)

In the early stages of the disease in the morning, after rest, stiffness, difficulty moving in the joints, gradually passing a while after the start of movement.Perhaps some mobile limitations in the joints.Periodically, the Viking's starting pain appears (pain when starting to move after a long time of rest).With sharp movements, common crunches, but no pain during the movement.The pain at this stage of arthritis only appears with a significant and prolonged load, and reduces after rest.There is no pain alone and low.At this stage of the disease, patients rarely see a doctor.

In the X -Ray picture with muscle disease at the first level of special changes in the unheated joints, sometimes small bone cells along the edges of the joint can be visible, the slightly narrowed joint distance.

2 joints (the second stage of muscle disease)

With the further development of arthritis, the pain becomes more important, getting an acute characteristic.A different crisis in joints appears with any movement, there is a remarkable limitation of mobility in the joint (contract), shortening the function of the limb, weakening the biological mechanism of the motion, but the mobility of the joint is still preserved.This stage is characterized by the remarkable enhancement of the pain begins, they become acute and longer.Under the influence of physical activity during the day, the constant fatigue appears, the feeling of pressure in the affected joints, the mechanical pain is created so due to reduced shock absorption of the cartilage tissue of the joint.

The destruction in the joints is quite important, the joints have been partially deformed.

On the X-ray, the notable bone cells can be visible, the narrowing of the joint distance is 2-3 times compared to the norm, the bone sclerosis under the bone and the formation of cystic cavities in the expressive area are observed.

Arthrosis of level 2 is characterized by a decrease in the ability to work, unable to perform certain types of jobs.

3 -degree arthritis (the third stage of arthritis)

Arthritis 3 degrees are a serious, forgotten period of the disease.At this stage, there are:

  • significant deformation of joints (due to the growth of bone and the accumulation of liquids in the joints);
  • A strong restriction of movements, until conservation only shake movements;
  • Painful pain is not only moving, but also in a completely resting state - continuous pain associated with cramps reflected by nearby muscles, as well as the development of reactive epidemic inflammation;
  • arthritis,
  • The sensitivity of the joints with changes in the weather.
  • The muscles around the knee are uncomfortable and atrophy;

The axis of deformed limbs, Varus curvature or Valgus is noticeable of the foot (that is, in the form of "O" or "x").

On X -ray with acute arthritis disease, almost completely disappears the gap of joints, serious deformation of the joint surfaces, many times the large area of osteoporosis is observed.The mice and calcification of paraarticular tissues can be determined.

Of the 3 degrees, this disease has gone very far, usually it is the cause of persistent disabilities.It is manifested as follows:

  • The pain becomes unchanged and painful: walking, and especially going down and climbing the stairs - a difficult test for patients;
  • The sound is frantic in any movement, good for others;
  • The deformation of the joints is strongly shown, the movements are only limited by a small amplitude or even impossible;

The images show the destruction of internal structures (ligaments and articular cartilage), as well as the complete abrasion of cartilage and signs of sclerosis (replacing the authorities and the structure of the connective tissue).

Level 4 arthritis

Completely destroyed state arthritis, when the joint is completely stopped, it is often distinguished into a separate patient - 4 degrees.There is such a sealed blockade - a acute pain syndrome, which is not even moving in a disease is impossible.The fourth level of arthritis is accompanied by an inseparable joint pain, not eliminated even by strong drugs and positive physical therapy.Full ankylosis (joint synthesis reaction) or new birth (the formation of fake joints between the relocated ends of the bone) is possible.Independent motion in both cases is almost impossible.

In images, the coarse hardening of the Sattime surfaces with obvious enlightenment, the unity of the bone connected to the visible joint distance.The development of the disease for this stage always means disability, can only be prevented by transplanting artificial fake legs.

Treatment of arthritis

Treatment of arthritis in the initial stage of the disease

It is better to start treating muscle diseases as soon as possible, with the appearance of the first signs - crunchy in joints, difficult to move.At this stage, drugs are useful cross -control substances that help improve the structure of cartilage, as well as vitamin -mineral complexes.

Medical physical education, appropriate nutrition, as well as prevention measures are very important.It should be noted that the prevention of muscle disease is also of great importance to prevent the severity of the disease.

Treatment of arthritis 2 - 3 degrees

Although it is not completely cured at 2-3 degrees, however, its development may be significantly inhibited.Treatment of arthritis at this stage is related to the following stages:

  • Eliminate or reduce pain syndrome
  • Eliminate arthritis.
  • Improve cartilage recovery and slow down the degenerative processes in it.

In the acute phase, the treatment of arthritis begins by eliminating pain.For this, anti -inflammatory drugs (NSAID), painkillers are used.Injecting corticosteroids in the internal organs is possible.Need to reduce the load on the joint, you cannot walk or stand for a long time, lifting heavy objects.

After removing acute pain syndrome, the main task is guaranteed, as much as possible, the activation of the recovery process in joint tissues and calm tissues: improving blood circulation, increasing metabolism, eliminating inflammatory processes.Chondroprotors, vasodilators, as well as prescribed treatments and physiotherapy exercises.

Treatment of 4 -degree arthritis

At this stage of the disease, joints are almost completely destroyed.In this case, an existing exit - activity and replacement of the disease with an Endoprosthis.Endoprosthesis significantly improves joint mobility, allowing patients to continue their positive life, at least, from pain.